论施莱尔马赫解释学的总体性诉求

The Totality Claim of Schleiermacher' Hermeneutics

就西方思想史而言,19世纪上半叶是一个形而上学的年代。来自于多方面的力量——德国唯心主义的、英法科学主义的、普遍神学的、哲学辩证法的,铸就了施莱尔马赫解释学的多维的和矛盾的个性。任何试图从单一维度界定施莱尔马赫解释学性质的努力,都将是对施莱尔马赫的误解和虐用。他独创地发现了普遍的和恒在的误解,从而终于将只是满足于具体的方法的鄙俗的“特殊的解释学”升华为方法论的恢弘的哲学。施莱尔马赫称“解释学之目标就是最高意义的理解”。他将心理阐释置于语法阐释之后,这不仅丝毫不能证明心理阐释次于语法阐释,恰恰相反,它所透露的是心理阐释对于语法阐释的优先性。推证心理阐释在施莱尔马赫解释学中优先于语法阐释,目的并不在于扬此抑彼,孰为优先的辨析使我们明了施莱尔马赫究竟在何种程度上、在何种意义上堪称现代解释学之父。

This essay deals in depth with the totality claim of Schleiermacher' hermeneutics in the context of the scientism and the German idealism popular in the 19th century, and suggests in what way we could properly call him the 'father of modern hermeneutics. 'The study here might provide a case heuristic for what the modernity of literary theory, but not the relationship between literary theory and modernity, should be and how to huild a theoreitcal hermeneutics with reference to the Chinese traditional exegeses to the classics