国际单位制基本单位之一:摩尔(mole)——现代计量科学专题之八

The International System of Units——Mole

摩尔是SI基本单位之一,摩尔对化学和物理计量很重要.摩尔的采纳使化学有了基本单位,从而结束了无量纲的历史。通过阿伏伽德罗常量、摩尔质量等,实现了化学各量之间的换算,同时有可能重新定义质量单位——千克。国际计量界已全面合作,致力于不断提高测量阿伏伽德罗常量的准确度,并已经取得一定成就。当前准确测量阿伏伽德罗常量的技术关键主要是制备高纯的、完美无缺的、超高圆度的单晶硅球;准确测量其直径、圆度、密度、原子量、晶格常量、空穴等。

Mole is one of SI units. It is very important for chemical and physical metrology. There is a basic unit of chemistry since mole was adopted by CGPM and it is conveniently for the conversion among grams, atoms and moles. It is possible for redefining the kilogram in term of the Avogadro constant. Many national metrological institutes have been cooperating on improving the accuracy of measurement for Avogadro constant and have got some achievement. The main key - techniques for improving the measurement of Avogadro constant are as follows: to fabricate perfect, pure and high -precision single crystal silicon sphere, to measure the diameter, roundness, density, molar mass, lattice spacing, voids of it and etc accurately.