晋中晚熟冬麦区小麦高产群体结构的产量分析

Yielding Analysis on the High-yielding Population Structure in Mid-Jin Late-maturing Winter Wheat Region

针对晋中晚熟冬麦区长期以来生产上存在播量过高、拔节期群体发展过大 ,极易造成倒伏、减产、品质降低和品种退化 ,导致水肥效果不能充分发挥 ,阻碍生产进一步提高的问题 ,对晋中小麦合理群体结构的建立进行了研究。结果表明 ,在目前大面积中等肥力的耕地上 ,土壤肥力是决定群体产量的首要基本因素。不同肥力应配比不同的群体结构才能有效发挥肥力效果。适宜晋中不同的肥力密度应是“低肥宜密、高肥宜稀、中肥取中”。具体掌握是低肥超常量播种、中肥常量播种。

In Mid Jin late maturing winter wheat region, there were too high sowing quantity and too great population, which lead to lodging, yield and quality decrease, cultivar degeneration, and too low water and fertilizer influence had obstructed production improvement. In view of these situation the Mid Jin wheat rational population structure was studied. The results indicated that soil fertility was the first basic factor for deciding population yield in the large areas of moderate fertilizer application. With fertilizer improving, yield increase outstandingly. The soil fertility of yield 6 000 kg/hm 2 was not the best effects of fertilizer applicaiton. It was predicated that in order to break through yield level 7 500 kg/hm 2, basic soil fertility, particularly organic fertilizer application increase was a decisive factor.