东汉到刘宋时期历法上元积年计算

THE SELECTION OF SUPERIOR EPOCH IN CHINESE CALENDARS DURING THE PERIOD FROM EAST HAN TO LIU SONG DYNASTY

许多天算史家认为,从上元起算的历法项目都应该(或曰必须)参与其上元的推算。因此,上元的存在与选择对天文学发展本身不产生任何实质性的影响。本文作者通过对50余部现存中国古历的系统分析,从理论上证明上述假想是大有疑问的,并非所有从上元起算的历法项目都具备参与其上元推算的条件,由此导出上元推算中存在着严重的附会现象的结论。本文通过对现存之东汉至刘宋时期几部历法上元积年的具体推演,以实例验证我们的理论结果并探讨和归纳早期历法上元推求的特征与模式。

This paper discusses and demonstrates the superior epoch selection of the extant 3 calendars from East Han to Liu. Song Dynasty. The results show that the names of day, tropical year and synodic month are the whole prerequisite for superior epoch selection in Jing Chu Calendar. The superior epoch in East Han Si Fen Calendar and Qian Xiang Calendar are determined by 4 prerequisites which include the lipse period.