饮食因素与尿石症关系的病例对照研究

A case-control study on urinary calculi and dietary factors

目的 研究饮食营养因素在尿石症发生中的作用。方法 选取深圳市某医院 6个月内确诊的所有上尿路含钙结石门诊病人 ,总有效例数 2 4 1例。对照选自同一星期该医院的外科新住院病人 ,按年龄与性别进行 1∶1配对。采用半定量食物频数问卷调查他们的饮食情况。统计分析饮水及营养因素与尿石症的关系。结果 单因素条件logistic回归分析发现 ,有显著意义的危险因素有 :平时不喜饮水 [OR不喜欢∶喜欢 =1.914 (95 %CI :1.2 72～ 2 .881) ];饮纯水次数少 [OR多一次 =0 .771(95 %CI :0 .6 14～ 0 .96 7) ];饮果汁少 [OR多一杯 =0 .2 73(95 %CI:0 .0 76～ 0 .978) ];口味咸 [OR偏咸∶淡 =3.382 (95 %CI :2 .133～ 5 .36 2 )、OR一般∶淡 =1.4 35 (95 %CI :1.2 5 2～ 1.6 4 5 ) ];喜甜食 [OR常吃∶不吃 =4 .5 0 9(95 %CI :2 .4 5 7～ 8.2 77)、OR一般∶不吃 =1.5 6 2 (95 %CI :1.30 5～ 1.870 ) ];主要食用动物油[OR动物油∶植物油 =2 .2 2 2 (95 %CI :1.0 12～ 4 .880 ) ];蛋白质、脂肪和磷摄入量多 ;碳水化合物、膳食纤维和抗坏血酸摄入少。

Objective To study the role of dietary and nutritional factors in the etiology of urolithiasis. Methods Two hundred and fourty one pairs of urolithiasis patients and controls were selected, and matched on age and sex,and without having urinary,endocrine,metabolic,or other related diseases . Subjects were given with a standardized semi quantitative questionnaire to inquire their demographic features and diet information. Data were analyzed according to their respective property. Conditional logistic regression were used to compute odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results The following variables were found to have significant in single factor logistic regression analysis: do not fond of drinking water [ OR no:yes = 1.914 (95% CI : 1.272 2.881 )]; drinking less purified water [ OR once:more = 0.771 (95% CI : 0.614 0.967 )];drinking less liquid [ OR one cup more = 0.273 (95% CI : 0.076 0.978 )];eating salted food [ OR highest:common = 3.382 (95% CI : 2.133 5.362 ), OR higher:common = 1.435 (95% CI : 1.252 1.645 )]; fond of sweet food [ OR most:no = 4.509 (95% CI : 2.457 8.277 ), OR more:no = 1.562(95% CI : 1.305 1.870 )]; intake of animal oil [ OR yes:no = 2.222 (95% CI : 1.012 4.880 )]; over intake of protein,fat and phosphorus; less intake of carbohydrate, dietary fibre and vitamin C. Conclusion Results indicated that dietary and nutritional factors were important risk factors to the etiology of urinary calculi.