2000年苏州市区6174名儿童哮喘患病情况调查

Epidemiological Survey on Children's Asthma in Suzhou

目的 了解苏州市儿童哮喘的患病率、发病规律及影响因素。方法 采取整群抽样的调查方法 ,在苏州市的金阊区所抽取的街区内 ,向家长发放初筛问卷 ,筛选出相关疾病的可疑患者 ,再经哮喘中心医师统一问诊查体 ,填写调查表。所有数据经sas/pc统计软件分析。结果 实际调查 6 174人中 ,哮喘 (婴幼儿及儿童哮喘 )累计患病率为 4.5 %,两年内有喘息发作的哮喘近患率为 3.74%,男女患病率分别为 4.81%与 2 .6 4%。两年内有近患的广义哮喘 (包括婴幼儿哮喘、儿童哮喘及咳嗽变异性哮喘 )患病率为 4.32 %。性别、首次发作年龄、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素与哮喘发作有关。发作季节主要为春秋季及季节更迭期。早期正确诊断及应用吸入治疗的比率仍较低。结论 苏州市 0～ 14岁儿童哮喘的患病率较 10年前显著升高 ,且主要发生于学龄期。生活模式的改变可能与哮喘的发病上升有关 ;哮喘发作受诸多因素的影响 ,目前按GINA方案在哮喘的规范化治疗上仍有明显差距。

Objective To study well the prevalence of asthma,affect factors.Methods On cluster-sampling survey on children from one district of Suzhou.First,the parents were asked to fill out preliminary questionnaires,then the dubious cases were screened and further questionnaires and physical examined by physicians were given.Result 6174 children were surveyed.Prevalence of asthma aged from 0 to 14 years was 4.57%.Prevalence of asthmatic children who had attacks within 2 years was 3.74 %.When cough variety asthma was added the prevalence of asthma was 4.32%.Sex and age of first outbreak,respiratory infection,special season,allergic and genetic factors were significantly related to asthmatic attacks.Most asthmatic children have had an onset of asthma before the age of 3.The percentage of making early correct diagnosis and prescribing proper corticosteroid inhalation was very low.Compared with 1990's data,prevalence was 1.98 times of that,In children with ages ranging from 7 to 14 years prevalence was significantly increased.Conclusion This survey implies that the prevalence of asthma increases significantly,especially in school children.The data can be served as the basis for research work concerning with mass prevention and treatment of asthma.