小农经济国家农业结构调整的经验与启示

The Experiences and Enlightenment of Agricultural Structure Adjustment in the Small-scale Peasant Economy Countries

不同国情和不同经济发展阶段 ,其农业结构变迁与政策调适重点有所不同。当前中国农业结构调整 ,尤其要借鉴荷兰、日本等小农经济国家农业结构调整的经验教训。运用经济学指标 ,判定日本及中国在不同经济发展阶段农业角色转换始点 ,提出借鉴国外经验 ,应重新审视政府在农业结构调整的角色与作用。适时转换职能 ,调适农业生产、营销和农民福利政策 ,变革农地制度设计 ,推行知识和技术替代土地发展的政策 ,针对不同区域运用不同发展阶段的政策工具 。

The focal point of agricultural structure changes and policy adjustment are different according to the different national conditions and different economic development stages. The agricultural structure adjustment in China at present must use the experiences and lessons of agricultural structure adjustment in the small-scale peasant economy countries, especially in the Netherlands, Japan, etc for reference. Using the target of economics, judging the different economic developmental changing start points of Japan and China, it is put forward that experiences from other countries should be incorporated, the role and effect of the government in agricultural structure adjustment should be re-xeamined, the function should be transferred at the right moment, the agricultural production, sale and the peasant welfare policies should be adjusted, the design of farmland system should be changed, farmland development tactics should be replaced with knowledge and technology, and that different policies should be pursued at different development stages in accordance with different districts to promote agriculture on the upgrade.