肉鸡腹水症发病机理研究:低温处理后肉鸡肺脏超微结构的病理学变化

Study on broilers ascites mechanisms:the pathological change of broilers lung ultrastructure exposed to low temperature

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察低温处理对肉鸡肺动脉和肺组织超微结构的影响 ,以了解低温处理后是否形成肺脏结构性阻力增加。结果显示 :①扫描电镜观察发现肺血管内皮细胞嵴消失 ,附着相当数量的红细胞和血小板。延长低温处理后血管内皮细胞损伤严重 ,基膜裸露 ,附着血小板增多。②透射电镜观察发现低温处理后 19日龄血管内皮细胞肿大 ,细胞核向血管腔突入 ,毛细血管腔狭窄。低温延长后内皮细胞下基膜出现弥漫性水肿及淋巴细胞浸润。③硝酸镧示踪观察发现低温处理后肺泡上皮、肺泡间隔间质内也出现数量不等的镧颗粒 ,毛细血管通透性增加 ,肺泡膜水肿。研究提示低温处理后肉鸡肺组织超微结构的损伤、造成肺脏顺应性降低 。

The experiment aimed at observing the effect of low temperature on ultrastructure of pulmonary artery and lung tissue,and illustrating the cause of pulmonary resistance by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that:①The marginal fold of pulmonary artery endothelia cells(PAECs)disappeared and many blood platelets and erythrocytes adhered to basement membrane. As the cold stress prolonged,the PAECs were damaged severely,the basement membrane broken off and the numbers of blood platelets adhered to PAECs increased significantly.②Under TEM,the PAECs became swollen and the nucleus extended capillary cavity,so the pulmonary artery resisitance increased. Subendothelia and intra endothelia edema occurred and the lymphocyte immersed after broilers were exposed to low temperature ③Many nitrate lanthanum articles were observed in pulmonary alveolus and alveolar septum by labeled nitrate lanthanum technique. The aleolar sac edema also occured. All these suggested that the pathologic change in lung tissue exposed to cold stress might decrease the pulmonary elasticity,increase the pulmonary artery structural resistance, and induce pulmonary hypertension.