小麦开花特性与浆片和雄蕊结构动态探讨

STUDY ON FLOWERING CHARACTERISTICS AND CHANGES OF THE LODICULE AND STAMEN DURING WHEAT FLOWERING

对亲本及其杂种小麦开花特性和解剖结构的研究表明 :在开花期、开花张角、开闭花持续时间、花药外露性、花丝伸长特性等方面 ,杂种小麦有明显的超亲优势 ,不育株系表现最差 ;在开花过程中 ,可育株系和杂种小麦的浆片吸胀快、体积大、增重快。浆片由表皮、基本薄壁组织细胞和维管束组成。其表皮无气孔分布 ;基本组织薄壁细胞在浆片吸胀过程中 ,体积增大直至内膜系统破裂自溶、内溶物撤离、细胞收缩而闭花 ;维管束分散排列于基本组织中 ,由导管、筛管和薄壁细胞组成。开花时 ,杂种和可育株系花药的药室内壁发育成纤维层 ,中层和绒毡层消失 ,花粉粒球形 ,原生质浓 ;花丝维管束中的筛管、导管数目多 ;不育株系未见纤维层 ,绒毡层缩存 ,花粉空瘪 ;花丝中筛管、导管数目少 ,分化程度低。

The flowering characteristics and the changes of the lodicule and stamen were studied during the flowering, compared the fertile line and the hybrid wheat with the male sterile line in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L). The results were as follows: ① Compared with the male sterile line, the florets in the fertile line or the hybrid showed ealier flowering date and shorter flowering duration because of more quickly lodicule imbibing and wilting, and longer filaments and the larger angle of degree between the palea and the lemma. ② A lodicule was consisted of epidermis, ground tissue cells (GTC) and veinal vascular bundles (VB). The extra\|wall of the epidermis was a cuticular layer, and there was no stoma on it. GTC was rich in cytoplasm. GTC continued enlarging till the inner membrane system broke up, and then ruined and contracted. VB was composed of vessels (V), sieve tubes (ST) and the parenchyma cells. ③ There were matured pollens (3Cell) in matured anther of the fertile lines and their hybrid of wheat. ④ The filament of stamen stretched quickly and longer, and was consisted of the epidermis, GTC and BV containing the better\|developed V and ST. in the fertile lines and the hybrid.