颈外静脉插管至上腔静脉的应用解剖

Anatomical Data in Part from Venae Jugularis Externa to Venae Cava Superior

目的:探讨临床治疗肝硬变顽固性腹水时行腹腔—静脉分流术,经颈外静脉置管入上腔静脉,对手术实施和普及的意义。方法:取经福尔马林防腐固定的45例90侧成人尸体进行解剖,暴露左、右颈外静脉,锁骨下静脉,头臂静脉和上腔静脉,用游标卡尺,二角规,量角器测量其长度和夹角。结果:颈外静脉汇入部位分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型;颈外静脉距锁骨上方2.0cm处至上腔静脉中段之间长度,左侧13.8±2.9cm,右侧11.5±1.8cm。结论:颈外静脉是颈部最大的浅静脉,管径较粗大,周围无重要结构;操作较易,危险性小,是可供临床穿刺插管选择的静脉。

Objective: To study the feasibility and clinical value of intubation from venae jugularis externa to venae cave superior for performance of peritoneovenous shunt in treating liver cirrhosis with intractable ascites. Methods: 45 corpses of adult persons were dissected to explore the left and right venae jugularis externa,venae subclavia, venae brachiocephalicae and venae cava superior,and to measure their legth and included angle. Results: The convergence part of venae jugularis externa can be classified as type I , II , III , IV . The length from the part of venae jugularis externa up 2.0 cm above collarbone to the middle part of venae cava superior is 13 .8+ 2.9cm on the left side and 11.5+ 1.8cm on the right side.Conclusion: Venae jugularis externa is the largest superficial vein in the neck. The caliber is thicker. There are not important structures, too. So that it is easy to operate and to ensure safety in operation . This vein is best for puncture and intubation.