“诗”可以怨——“诗三百”的政治寄托与怨刺传统

Poetry Can Express the Feeling of Discontent ——Political bailment and tradition of complaint in Songs 305

“诗可以怨”是春秋时代孔子提出的文学理论 ,时人为其意味规定了一个“怨而不怒 ,哀而不伤”的情感的界限。然而 ,情感的发泄是不可以界定的 ,“怨”不仅仅有着“温柔敦厚”的讽谏 ,更有着下层人士对时事尖锐率真的讥讽和嘲讪。基于此 ,我们将“怨”以那个时代的作品“诗三百”为文献基础 ,首先把“诗三百”中的政治寄托与怨刺传统进行了模式分析 ,其“怨”可以分为大谏之诗 ,告哀之诗 ,刺讽之诗。

The opinion that poetry can express the feeling of discontent is a kind of literature theory which is firstly put forward by Confucious in the age of ChunQiu,the people in that era put a emotional limit for its implication which means complaint but not rage, sentiment but not grief. But the abreaction of emotion can not be limited. The discontent is not only mild and sincere advice, but also including biting complaint to politics by common people. based on a works of that era, Songs 305, we analyze the modes of political bailment and tradition of complaint,the discontent include persuading poem, accusing poem and lampooning poem.