白皮松天然群体种实性状表型多样性研究

A study on phenotypic diversity of seeds and cones characteristics in Pinusbungeana

在白皮松天然林分布区共抽取了13个群体，分别测量了5个种实性状。方差分析表明：白皮松种实性状在群体间和群体内存在广泛的变异，5个性状在群体间的 F值为 2．44－14．68，群体内的F值为 7.48－44．53，差异均达显著或极显著水平。群体内的方差分量接近80％，是白皮松表型遗传变异的主要部分。群体间的表型分化系数V_(ST) ＝22．8％，与其他松类树种相比，分化水平处于中等偏上。各群体内变异系数和相对极差存在显著或极显著差异，根据二者的多重比较，可将13个群体按群体内表型变异程度分为4组。种子性状地理梯度变异明显，呈东北一西南走向。种子3个性状（亲代）的表型变异系数与子代的2年生苗高和地径、1年生苗的全干重之间达到或接近显著相关。

Totally 13 natural populations of Pinus bungeana were collected. Five characteristics, inclu-ding seed length (SL), seed width (SW), cone length (FL), cone width (FW) and weight (WT) of1000 seeds, were measured. The variance analysis of the five characteristics showed that there were sig-nificant differences among populations with the F value from 2. 44 to 14. 68, and there were also signifi-cant differences among families within a population with the F value from 7. 48 to 44. 53. The variancefactors analysis indicated that the variation within a population was the main part of the phenotypic varia-tion in Pinus bungeana, which stood four out of totally five, but the phenotypic differentiation among pop-ulations were very obvious (VST = 22. 8% ), which meant that there was a strong adaptability to environ-ment pressure in Pinus bungeana. The variation coefficients (CV) and relative extreme value (Ri') with-in each population show similar lendency. Based on Duncans Multi-comparison analysis, all the 13 popu-lations were divided into four gr'Oups. The populations in groups A and B have higher phenotypic diversitywhile the populations in group C and group D have lower phenotypic diversity. Seed characteristics dis-play a significant ecological gradient variation. There is close relationship between phenotypic diversity ofseeds and economic characteristics of progeny.