昆虫与栎树的相互关系及其对栎林更新的影响

Interactions of insects and oak trees and their impacts on the regenerationof oakwoods

本文概述了昆虫和栎树的相互关系以及栎林种群更新研究的进展，从叶片和栎实两个方面分别分析昆虫对栎树的危害、栎树对昆虫的防御以及栎林种群更新中的问题等。（1）危害栎树的昆虫种类丰富，它们以取食叶片和栎实为主，昆虫的寄生几乎使栎实完全失去活力；（2）栎树的防御效应能影响昆虫啃食叶片的程度，被昆虫寄生的栎实提前下落以及栎实产量周期性的大小年变化，能降低昆虫寄生和取食栎实所带来的损失；（3）昆虫啃食叶片降低栎树的能量利用和营养物质贮存，昆虫对栎实的寄生和取食给栎树的种子库及苗库带来压力，直接影响到株林的种群更新。此外，昆虫对栎实的寄生也会影响脊椎动物搬运栎实时的选择取向，间接控制栎实扩散，进而影响栎树的种群更新。

This paper reviews the evidence for interactions between insects and oak trees, and shows howthese interactions innuence oakwood regeneration. First, there are abundant insect species and individu-als feeding on leaves and acorns, and insect infestations are nearly always lethal to acorns. Second,quantitative defense effects may be the main strategy that oak trees use to reduce herbivory. And early fallof infested acorns and periodic synchronous mast seeding may be a result of long-term evolution in oaktrees for defense against insect infestation. Third, defoliation by insect herbivores reduces energy and nu-trients required for oakwood regeneration. Insect infestation decreases acom number and seedlings inwoods. Moreover, preference of sound or infested acorns by vertebrates may decrease or increase thenumber of potential seedlings, resulting in unexpected effects on oakwood regeneration.