不同光合特性大豆叶的比较解剖研究

Study on Leaf Comparative Anatomy of Different Genotypes of Soybean

本研究选取不同光合速率的品种‘黑农 2 6’(高产低光效 )、‘黑农 40’、‘黑农 41’(高产高光效 )为材料 ,于大豆开花后的不同生育时期 ,对大豆的功能叶片、叶柄解剖学进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )不同类型大豆的叶肉结构有明显区别。叶片厚度依次为‘黑农 40’ >‘黑农 41’ >‘黑农 2 6’。各期的基本趋势是一致的。栅栏组织的厚度和层数与叶片的厚度趋势一致。 (2 )各品种栅栏组织中的叶绿体数目均多于海绵组织 ,且高光效类型多于低光效类型。局部观察不同品种间 ,叶绿体内的基粒和间质片层结构高光效的也明显优于低光效的品种。 (3 )气孔包含数量和大小两个因素 ,气孔大小基本一致 ,下表皮数量 >上表皮 ,高光效类型 >低光效类型。 (4)各品种主脉维管束中木质部的导管数目依次为‘黑农 41’ >‘黑农 40’ >‘黑农 2 6’。

Soybean cultivars, Heinong 26(with high yield and low photosynthetic rate), Heinong 40 and Heinong 41(with high yield and high photosynthetic rate), were used as materials in this research. The anatomy of functional leaves and petiole of soybean in different development stages was studied. The results show that: (1) The structure of mesophyll varied in varieties.The thickness of leaf was successively Heinong 40>Heinong 41>Heinong 26.The tendency in different stages was basically the same. (2) The thickness and cell layers of palisade tissue were consistent with the thickness of leaf. The number of chloroplast in palisade tissue was more than that in spongy tissue and in the cultivars with high yield and high photosynthetic rate was more than that in the high yield and low photosynthetic rate ones. Structures of thylakoids in grana and stroma of chloroplast in varieties with high photosynthetic rate were better than those in the varieties with low photosynthetic rate. (3) Stoma includes two factors which are the size and the number. The sizes of stoma in all cultivars were similar. The number of stoma on the lower epidermis of leaf was more than that on the upper epodermis and in the cultivars with high photosynthetic rate was more than that in the cultivar with low photosynthetic rate. (4) The number of hadromestome catheter in vascular bundle of main leaf vein was in the order of Heinong 41>Heinong 40>Heinong 26.