从自然历史博物馆到动物研究所和植物研究所

From Metropolitan Museum of Natural History to Institute of Zoology and Institute of Botany

中央研究院动植物研究所是民国时期著名的生物学研究中心之一 ,其前身是 1 92 9年 1月开始筹备、1 93 0年 1月正式成立于南京的中央研究院自然历史博物馆 ,1 93 4年 7月改为中央研究院动植物研究所。抗战开始后 ,该所一再搬迁 ,最后迁至重庆北碚 ,1 94 4年 ,中研院评议会决议将动植物研究所分为动物研究所和植物研究所。抗战结束后 ,动物研究所和植物研究所复员迁至上海。在自然历史博物馆时期 ,该馆的工作以动植物标本的采集和分类研究为主 ,在动植物研究所时期以动植物分类学、形态学及实验生物学研究等方面为主要任务 ,抗战期间还与其他机构合作进行了许多战时应用生物学问题的研究。 1 94 4年分为两所之后 ,动物研究所仍然继续以前的研究方向 ,植物研究所开始注重生理学、生态学、细胞学、遗传学方面的研究。

The Institute of Zoology and Botany,Academia Sinica was one of the most famous biological research centers during the period of the Republic of China(1912-1949),whose predecessor is the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History. Preparations for the setting up of the Museum were started in January,1929, and the Museum was formally founded in January,1930. In July,1934,the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History was renamed as the Institute of Zoology and Botany of Academia Sinica. During the period of War of Resistance against Japan,the Institute had changed its site time and again before it settled down in Beipei of Chongqing. In 1944,it was divided into the Institute of Zoology and the Institute of Botany at the second annual meeting of the Second Council of Academia Sinica,and the two institutes moved to Shanghai after the War. It took the collection of biological specimens and taxonomy as the main task during the period of the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History,focused on the field taxonomy, morphology and experimental biology during the period of the Instute of Zoology and Botany,and engaged in biological work in cooperation with other organizations during the War. The Institute of Zoology continued its previous research interest,but the Institute of Botany began to pay attention to the research of physiology,ecology,cytology and genetics after 1944. Based on historical archives and relevant documents,this paper attempts to give a relatively systematic discussion on the institute from the origins of its foundation,the change of its work range and mission,the alteration of its research members,the general situation of its work, and its research achievements.