释“■”——中国先秦时期河曲地貌的述称

Explanation and Naming of Meander Bank in China's Pre-Qin Days

现代河流地貌学中 ,一般将河曲两岸区分为侵蚀岸与堆积岸。中国古代也有相应的述称 :与。但是 ,自汉朝以后 ,汉语中此两词渐至不用而成为冷僻字词 ,汉以来的经学家对其解说由含混而至不清 ,其本义遂至湮没。文章从先秦经史文献中搜集“”、“”二词 ,条析其在古文中的语言情境 ,用传统的考据与文字训诂方法 ,重点论证“”即河曲侵蚀岸 ,与堆积岸“”相对。由此 ,恢复中国古代地理学史中 ,关于河曲地貌述称的科学史。

In modern fluvial geomorphology, the banks of meander generally have two kinds: erosion bank and accumulation bank. There were also two corresponding words for them in ancient China. They are'Shi'and 'Rui'. Since then, those who studied classics have failed to give them specific explanations, so that the real meanings of the two words were missing. This paper searches the two words from pre-Qin historical documents, and analyses their meanings in the language situation of ancient Chinese with examples. It emphasizes the study that'Shi'is the erosion bank of the meander, and relative to it is'Rui', the accumulation bank. Therefore, the scientific history concerning the introduction to the meander in ancient Chinese geography can be set up.