甘蔗种质资源的研究

Studies on Germplasm Resources of Sugarcane

对 2 64个国内外栽培甘蔗品种及福建省内野生甘蔗“割手密”的特征特性等进行了研究 ,结果表明 :“割手密”的体细胞染色体数有 2n =72、80、84、88、92、96、1 0 2等 7种类型 ,酯酶同工酶有 1 9种类型 ;印度培育的甘蔗品种产量高 ,澳大利亚培育的甘蔗品种锤度高 ;从国外引进的品种中筛选出 3个生长特快的高产品种 (“C1 55-76”、“My5462”和“My5770”)和 2个高纤维含量的高产品种 (“FCP86-2 61”和“FCP86-2 63”)。对上述甘蔗种质资源进行了创新利用 ,已初步选育出特高糖品种“闽糖 91 -2 2 1”及高生物量品系“闽糖 92 -1 1 7”和“闽糖 92 -2 2 5”

The characteristics of 264 cultivated sugarcane varieties in the world and wild sugarcane species Saccharum spontaneum in Fujian province were studied, the results indicated that the number of somatic chromosome of S. spontaneum revealed 7 types (2n=72,80,84,88,92,96,102),its esterase isoenzyme exhibited 19 types; the sugarcane varieties from India had high yield, those from Australia contained high sugar; three high-yielding varieties with specially rapid growth rate ('C155-76', 'My5462' and 'My5770') and two high-yielding varieties with high cellulose content ('FCP86-261' and 'FCP86-263') were selected from the introduced foreign sugarcane varieties. The germplasm resources of sugarcane mentioned above were applied by crossing and inducing, new variety 'Mintang 91-221' with specially high sugar, new strains 'Mintang 92-117' and 'Mintang 92-225' with high biomass and so on have been bred preliminarily.