农业土地制度和经济发展机制:对二十世纪中国经济史的一种理解

Rural Land Tenure Systems and Mechanisms of Economic Development:An Explanation of Chinese Economic History in the 20th Century

本文提出了农业土地制度决定经济发展机制的假说，并用二十世纪中国经济史对该假说作了初步论证。本文指出二十世纪上半叶中国经济发展机制是地主所有制下的古典二元经济机制，五十年代初中国家实行了土地改革，但到七十年代末的计划经济发展机制依然类似于古典二元机制，而八十年代初的中国农业改革最终把中国经济建立在准自耕农制度上，中国经济发展从此表现出工资上升、工资和利润共同储蓄的新机制。

This paper proposes a hypothesis that different rural land tenure sys- tems could lead to different mechanisms of economic development and tests it with Chi- nese economic history in the 20^(th) century.In the first half of the century,rural China was characterized by the classical landlord/tenant two-class land tenure system.As a result, the path of economic development conformed to the Lewis dual economy model.The collective period did not differ from the last period in a significant way in this aspect.The agricultural reform in the late 1970s established semi-small ownership landholding sys- tem,and the Chinese economy has since entered a new development period characterized by increasing wages and positive savings.