果蔬玉米高产栽培及采后保鲜技术研究

High-yielding cultivation of the maize used as fruit or vegetable and its postharvest fresh-keeping technique

对 1999～ 2 0 0 0年福建省 10个主栽果蔬玉米品种 (组合 )有关试验及调查资料进行整理分析 ,探讨不同类型的果蔬玉米高产结构、主要配套技术及采后保鲜技术。结果表明 ,1调查品种可分为大穗型、中穗型和小穗型 3种类型 ;大穗型适宜密度为 5 .4 0～ 5 .70万穗· hm- 2、中穗型为 5 .70～ 6 .30万穗· hm- 2、小穗型为 6 .30～6 .75万穗· hm- 2。N肥施用原则是大穗型“前适后重”,基肥适 (40 % )、秆肥早 (2 0 % )、穗粒肥重 (40 % ) ;小穗型“前重后适”,基肥足 (6 0 % )、秆肥速 (2 0 % )、穗粒肥早 (2 0 % ) ;中穗型“前后兼顾”,3次施肥比例为 4 0 %∶ 30 %∶ 30 %。 2超甜玉米适采期为授粉后 2 4～ 2 7d,糯玉米为 2 1～ 2 4 d。 3生产上可以通过降低贮存温度和控制贮存时间 ,以降低呼吸失重和糖分降解速率 。

Ten maize cultivars used as fruit or vegetable in Fujian Province in recent years were investigated and analysed to find put the high\|yielding construction,principal cultivating technique and postharvest fresh\|keeping technique for different varieties.The results showed that:①These cultivars could be divided into three types: big, middle and small ears; The optimum planting density were 54000-57000 ears·hm -2 for big ear,57000-63000 ears·hm -2 for middle ear and 63000-67500 ears·hm -2 for small ear; N fertilizer ratio for basic,stem pushing and head sprouting were 40%∶20%∶40% in the type of big ear ,40%∶30%∶30% in the type of middle ear and 60%∶20%∶20% in the type of small ear. ②Optimum harvesting period was 24-27 d after insemination in sweet maize,21-24 d in waxy maize.③Controlling temperature and time of shelf life could reduce respiratory intensity and decompositon speed of sugar content and could keep maize fresh.