渭北旱塬地膜小麦栽培技术体系研究

Study on cultivation technique system for winter wheat with plastic film mulching in Weibei Dryland

对渭北旱塬地膜小麦的品种、播期、密度和施肥方式进行了研究。结果表明 ,旱地地膜小麦应选用耐寒耐旱、分蘖力强、大穗大粒、冬性或半冬性的中矮秆或矮秆品种 ;播期应该与露地同期或稍偏晚 ,最佳播期为0 9- 2 5～ 0 9- 2 7;播量以 2 4 0～ 2 5 5万粒 / hm2最佳 ;等量的氮肥分施与否不影响产量。全生育期的耗水量为 370 .7～391.3m m,水分利用效率达 10 .35～ 13.6 3kg/ (m m· hm2 ) ,均高于露地条播 ,不同处理间的日均耗水量差异很小 ,但水分利用效率差异较大 ,水分利用效率最大时的农艺措施 。

The experiment on sowing date,varieties,planting density and fertilizer application methods on film mulched wheat (FMW) shows:The variety fit for FMW in dryland should have the following major characters,such as the strong cold and drought tolerance,the high tillering ability,big spike and grain,winterness or semi winterness and dwarf or semi dwarf stem.The appropriate sowing period of FMW should been at the same time or a little later than the control.The optimum sowing date is from Sep.25 to Sep.27;the optimum sowing quantity is 2.40 to 2.55 million grains per hectare.It is insignificant in wheat yield whether divide nitrogen fertilizer or not.The amount of water consumption ranges from 370.7 mm to 391.3 mm in FMW growing period.The water utilizing efficiency (WUE) amounts to \{10.35\} to \{13.63 kg/(mm·hm 2 \}),which is higher than that of the conventional cultivation.The difference of water consumption per day with different treatments is smaller,but the WUE is larger.The highest yield appears in the treatment with the largest WUE.