韭菜组织培养高频植株再生体系的研究

Efficient Plant Regeneration Via Root Tip Culture of Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.

通过对韭菜组织培养过程中激素配比、外植体、基因型、苗龄及生根条件的研究 ,建立了一次性诱导成芽的高频植株再生体系。适于愈伤组织和不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS +NAA 1mg/L +BA2mg/L ,在此分化培养基上 91 1、 91 8、保定红根、寿光马蔺韭和兰州小韭根尖培养的芽分化频率分别为78.7%、 83.7%、 81.9%、 76 .7%和 73.3% ,平均出芽数分别为 40 .1、 46 .7、 36 .3、 35 .4和 44 .5个 ,苗龄为 7～ 10d的根尖最适于组织培养。随苗龄增加 ,芽的分化频率呈下降趋势。无任何激素的MS0培养基最适于不定芽的生根 ,生根率达 10 0 % ,平均根数 14.5条。卡那霉素 (Km)对植株再生有很强的抑制作用 ,在Km为 2 0mg/L时就完全抑制愈伤组织和不定芽的发生 ;羧苄青霉素 (Carb)和噻孢霉素 (Cef)也抑制韭菜根尖培养的植株再生 ,Cef的抑制作用更加显著 ,Carb 5 0 0mg/L或Cef 30 0mg/L完全抑制不定芽的再生 ;Timentin对愈伤组织和芽的分化影响不大 ,抑制性主要表现在出芽数随浓度升高而降低。当Timentin浓度为 5 0 0mg/L时 ,平均出芽数仍可达到 2 3.8个 ,为对照的 49.4%。

An efficient plant regeneration system was established through optimization of hormone combination, genotype, seedling age and root induction medium in root tip culture of Chinese chive. Data showed that the best medium for callus and adventitious shoot differentiation was MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L NAA and 2mg/L BA. Shoot induction rate of 91-1, 91-8, Baoding Honggen, Shouguang Malinjiu and Lanzhou Xiaojiu were 78.7%, 83.7%, 81.9%, 76.7% and 73.3%, while the average shoot number per explant were 40.1, 46.7, 36.3, 35.4 and 44.5 respectively. Root tips taken from plantlets 7 to 10 day-old seedlings showed the highest regeneration ability. MS medium without growth regulators was optimum for root formation of regenerated shoots with 100% root induction rate and 14.5 roots per shoot. Kanamycin inhibited callus and shoot induction definitely at 20mg/L. Carbenicillin and Cefotaxime had inhibiting effects on callus induction and shoot regeneration at Carbenicillin 500mg/L and Ceftaxime 300mg/L respectively. The effect of Timentin was not obviously, with the inhibition effect only lying in the reduction of shoot number induced from callus.