土壤的自动调节性能与抗逆性能

SELF-REGULATION AND RESISTANCE PERFORMANCES OF SOIL

土壤的自动调节性能是指土壤自身对其内部进行的物理、化学及生物学过程的一定限度内的控制和缓冲,使土壤中水、肥、气、热的储存和释供能较好地满足植物的需要。土壤对不良环境条件的适应性,即其抗逆性能,则是土壤的自动调节性能在特殊条件下的体现。土壤的自动调节性能是土壤的吸储能力、释供能力、转化能力和缓冲能力的综合表现。它既受制于“体质”,也受制于“体型”。所谓“体质”,是指肥力基础物质——不同粒级的微团聚体的数量、组成比例及其吸储-释供、转化和缓冲的能力;所谓“体型”,是指由不同粒级微团聚体的不同排列与垒结而形成的土体构造。通过适当的方式改善土壤的“体质”与“体型”,将能增强土壤的自动调节能力,从而提高土壤的肥力水平。

The performance of self-regulation of soil refers to the ability of soil itself in controling and buffering to a certain extent in the courses of physical,chemical and biological pnocesses in vivo, enabling the storage and supply of soil moisture, nutrients,air and heat to better satisfy the needs of plant growth.The adaptabnity of soil to unfavorable environmental or obstlicle factors,i-e., its resistance preformence,is the exptession of soil self-regulation preforlriance under special conditions.Soil self-regulation performance is the overall expression of the abilicies of son in adsorption-storage,rekase-supply,transformation and buffering,which is determined both by the “physique” and by the “pedon structure”.The so-called“physique”refers to the quantity,composition proportion and abilities of adsorption-storage,release-supply,transformation and buffering of basal substances of soil frecility-various fractions of microaggregates;and the so-called “pedon structure”denotes the patterns of arrangement and fabric of vatious fractions of microaggregates in the pedon.To improve the“physique”and“pedon structure” through proper ways will be able to strengthen the performance of self-regulation of soil,and hence to enhante the level of soil fertility.