河南省肾综合征出血热不同类型疫区监测比较研究

Comparative Study on Epidemiologic Surveillance among Three Different Types of HFRS Epidemic Areas in Henan Province

目的 :研究河南省不同类型肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)疫区的人间疫情、宿主动物监测及影响因素 ,为控制该病提供依据。方法 :应用描述流行病学、血清流行病学、分子生物学及统计学方法进行研究。结果 :( 1) 1990至 2 0 0 0年 ,河南省HFRS呈稳定下降趋势 ,其中姬鼠型疫区一直呈下降趋势 ,家鼠型有一定的周期波动 ,混合型走势较为平稳。( 2 )我省姬鼠型及家鼠型疫区分别在冬季和春季各有一发病高峰 ,而混合型疫区一年有春、冬两个季节高峰。 ( 3)家鼠型疫区居民区以褐家鼠为优势鼠种 ( 5 8.0 7% ) ,黄胸鼠、小家鼠次之。野外以黑线姬鼠 ( 33.6 7% )和大仓鼠 ( 4 2 .5 % )为优势种。姬鼠型疫区居民区以褐家鼠 ( 4 6 .12 % )、小家鼠 ( 4 2 .92 % )为优势种 ;野外以黑线姬鼠占绝对优势 ( 83.0 4% ) ,大仓鼠为次要鼠种 ( 11.49% )。混合型疫区居民区褐家鼠为优势鼠种 ( 73.8% ) ,黄胸鼠为次要鼠种 ( 17.83% ) ;野外以黑线姬鼠为优势种 ( 4 9.6 6 % ) ,大仓鼠次之 ( 36 .43% )。 ( 4 )家鼠型疫区居民区褐家鼠带病毒率较高 ,其次为黄胸鼠、小家鼠 ,野外为褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠。姬鼠型疫区居民区以黑线姬鼠带病毒率最高 ,褐家鼠及小家鼠次之 ,野外仅有黑线姬鼠带病毒。混合型疫区居民区带病毒鼠包括褐家鼠、黄胸鼠及小?

Objective: To study the types of the epidemic area of Haemorrhage Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS), to provide the evidence for HFRS control. Method: With the methods of descriptive epidemiology, seroepidemiology, molecular biology and statistics. Results: The epidemic areas of HFRS in Henan province includes 3 types, Rattus-type area (R area), Apodemus-type area (A area) and mixed-type area (M area). This was defined on the bases of the epidemic feature, clinical manifestation and the major Hantavirus-carrying rodent kinds. Epidemiologic surveillance was carried out in the three types of areas. 1. In the last decade, HFRS incidence of Apodemus-type area tended to decline steadily, and that of Rattus-type area showed periodical fluctuation. But the incidence of mixed-type area kept a steady tendency. 2. In Apodemus -type areas, HFRS cases happened mainly between October and January of the next year, therefore formed a seasonal peak. In Rattus-type areas, the peak appeared between April and June, while in mixed-type areas, there were both two peaks. 3. By rodent constitution investigation and hantavirus antigen detection, it was found that the dominant kinds of murine in residential and field areas were similar among three types of epidemic areas. But the major hantavirus-carrying kinds were different. 4. Investigation using serology and molecular biology methods demonstrated that the Seoul virus existed in some places of Apodemus-type areas.It shows that some Apodemus -type areas have been evolving into mixed type areas. Conclusions: Different epidemic features menifest in different types of epidemic areas, so that different precautionary measures should be taken according to surveillance data. Furthermore, special attention should be payed to epidemic type evolving.