波涌灌溉和PAM作用下内蒙古河套灌区水蚀的试验研究

Experimental Study on Soil Water Erosion Under Surge Irrigation and Use of PAM in Hetao Irrigation Region, Inner Mongolia

在内蒙古河套灌区采用波涌灌溉 ,施用 PAM(土壤结构稳定剂 )和利用地下咸水灌溉等不同处理进行了玉米地水蚀作用的试验研究。结果表明 ,灌溉方式在防止沟中水蚀方面没有太大作用 ,而施用 PAM却有显著效果 ,灌溉水中 PAM的质量分数 w(PAM)为 10× 10 -6时基本上可以起到防止水蚀的作用。在连续灌溉方式下 ,w(PAM)为 10× 10 -6的处理中水样含沙量只有对照的 14 .5 7 ;而在波涌灌溉方式下 ,w(PAM)相同的处理中水样含沙量仅为对照的 0 .91 ;w(PAM)为 2 0× 10 -6的各处理中水样含沙量基本上为 0或接近 0。

Experimental study of effects of surge irrigation, PAM, and irrigation with saline ground water on soil water erosion was carried out in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia. Experiment results show that, there was little influence of irrigation methods such as surge irrigation and continuous irrigation on soil water erosion, while great effect of PAM application on it. The sediment content in the treatment with w (PAM)=10×10 -6 was just 14 57 % of that in treatment without PAM under continuous irrigation. While under surge irrigation, that was as little as 0 91 % of the amount in no PAM treatment. Soil water erosion in irrigation field can be mostly prevented by applying PAM with concentration as low as 10×10 -6 . When PAM concentration reaches as high as 20×10 -6 , there will be almost no sediment in the flow of irrigation water in furrows.