中国农村家庭能源消费的回顾与展望

Retrospection and Expectation on Energy Consumptions of Rural Households in China

中国农村地区能源的供应和消费与农村地区的经济发展和生态环境建设有着密切的关系。中国农村长期受到能源问题的困扰 ,家庭用能主要依靠当地可获得的生物质资源 ,供不应求。 2 0世纪 80年代初基本解决了燃料供应不足的矛盾 ,农民开始使用优质能源。根据中国农村家庭能源消费的历史进程和未来发展 ,将其划分为严重缺能阶段、基本满足阶段和商品化阶段 。

The issues related to rural energy development and the corresponding escalating economic activities have given rise to a complex, interrelationship among society, economics, energy, environment and rural policies. Energy shortage has been a long standing problem in rural areas of China. The reason for this is that rural household energy supplies mainly rely on the available amounts of local biological energy resources. The problem of cooking fuel shortage was basically solved in the early 1980s since more straw and stalks were produced due to the rapid development of agriculture. The process of energy commercialization also started from the early 1980s due to the availability of coal, fuel oil and other energy sources from market and the reconstruction of rural power supply network. Three phases of rural household energy consumption in China were classified in the paper, i.e., serious energy shortage, basically sufficient and commercialization phases and the charateristics of these three phases were discussed.