粤东沿海养殖水域浮游植物的生态特征

Ecological Features of Phytoplankton from Aquaculture Ground Along Eastern Guangdong Coastal Waters

粤东至珠江口近海是广东重要的海水养殖水域 ,同时也是赤潮多发区 ,为了研究养殖水域赤潮发生的机理及防治对策 ,维护海水养殖的健康发展 ,对该海域浮游植物的生态特征进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,1 999年浮游植物样品中共鉴定出 1 3 0种 ,组成以广布种和暖水性种类为主 ;出现赤潮生物 3 6种 ,占种类组成的 2 8%。细胞数量 1 0 3 91× 1 0 4 m 3～ 40 3 6 80× 1 0 4 m 3,平均 1 648 1 4× 1 0 4 m 3;多样性指数在 2 68(3 75范围内变化 ,平面分布呈现自柘林湾向深圳湾递减的趋势 ;而种类组成均匀度则以柘林湾和深圳湾为高 ,中部水域较低。尽管养殖水域不同 ,优势种表现明显差异 。

The offshore water from eastern Guangdong to Pearl River estuary is the important marine aquaculture ground in Guangdong province, while it is also the area of frequent occurence of red tide. In order to study the inception mechanism and the prevention countermeasure of the red tide, and maintain the healthy development of the marine culture, a preliminary study is taken on the ecological feature of the phytoplankton from the culture ground. The result shows, in the year of 1999, 130 species of phytoplankton are identified from the samples, and the species composition are dominant by eurytopic species and warm water species. Altogether 36 species of red tide organisms appear in the identified species with a composition rate of 28%. The density of phytoplankton is from 103.91×10 4 ind/m 3 to 4 036 80×10 4 ind/m 3 with an average of 1 648 14×10 4 ind/m 3. The diversity index varies in the range of 2 68～3 75, and it shows a decline tendency from Zhelin Bay to Shenzhen Bay in horizontal distribution. The evenness levels of the species compositions in Zhelin Bay and Shenzhen Bay are the highest, while that is a little lower in Honghai Bay, Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay. Because of the different marine culture grounds, the dominate species show an obvious difference, while the species of Nitzschia adelicatissima and Skeletonema costatum appear in all the culture ground with a higher quantity.