中国古典诗词中“象”的语用解读——兼论“典”的意义

A Pragmatical Understanding of the ‘Image’in Chinese Classical Poetry——also on the meaning of‘literary quotations’

诗词中的“象”即语句的字面含义,而“象”所表达的“意”则是语句真正要表达的含义。当诗词对“象”的描述有意违反会话合作原则时,就会导致诗词中的“象”与“意”表达上的分离,这时的后者就是“象”的语用含义。诗词中的“象”在被用来作比、被夸张和被比拟的情况下,都会出现“象”与“意”的分离。“典”在古典诗词中也有同样的情况。

Images in poetry are the literal and surface signs of the texts. In fact, the 'meanings' behind the imagesare the actual implications that the surface signs indicate. lf a poem intentionally breaks the principle of cooperation, the'image'and the 'meaning' behind that 'image'will not match each other. At this time, the 'meaning' is the pragmati-cal implication of the 'image'. This phenomenon also exists in the using of' literary quotations' Studying the 'image'and the'literary quotation' is a necessary task in the process of reading and appreciating Chinese classical poetry.