太行山小流域雨水集流与节水灌溉的研究

Rainwater catching by small watershed and water-saving irrigation in Taihang Mountains.

用H型量水堰和雨量计观测太行山小流域径流量、降雨量及可利用雨水资源结果表明,在太行山区实施小流域雨水集流投资少,可充分利用雨水资源,为山区经济发展创造了条件。太行山区雨水资源分配主要集中于5～10月份,2000年日降雨量>20mm的总降雨量达399mm,在研究的小流域年内可集流水量24.9万m^3,加之小流域与下游高差达30～100m,为发展自压微灌提供了有利条件。鉴于山区水资源缺乏,应因地制宜发展节水灌溉技术如微灌、地膜穴灌、灌关键水、有限灌溉以及节水地面自流灌溉技术,并分析了在太行山区发展节水灌溉的可行性。

The discharge, precipitation and utilizable quantity of rainwater resources were measured by H-type weir and rain gauge. The results show that catching rainwater by small watershed needs less investment and makes the best use of water resources which creates favorable conditions for economic development in Taihang Mountains. Rainwater resources in these areas are distributed mostly from May to October. The total precipitation (up to 20mm/d) is 399mm in the year of 2000. The quantity of catchable water in this year is 249 thousand m3 in the studied watershed. Elevation difference between outlet of small watershed and lower reaches is from 30 to 100 meters. All of these supply a favorable basis for developing self-pressure micro-irrigation. Furthermore, water-saving irrigation, drip-irrigation, hole irrigation by plastic film, irrigating critical water, limited irrigation, and water-saving gravity irrigation and so on and should be expanded by adjusting measures to local conditions. Finally, the feasibility of developing water-saving irrigation in Taihang Mountains is analyzed-