江苏省耕地安全问题探讨

On the cultivated land security of Jiangsu Province

江苏省自然条件优越,经济发展处于全国前列,但在耕地安全上存在不少问题,如耕地减少与人口增加的反差日益明显,非农建设对耕地保护的强烈冲击,耕地肥力降低和退化加剧,耕田环境污染日趋严重。出现这些问题的主要原因是,种植业收入与成本倒挂,城镇与农村居民点建设失控,此外,也有政策和管理方面的原因。为实现江苏耕地安全,应全方位地改善农业生产的软环境,正确处理和协调城镇、乡村居民点建设与耕地保护的关系,大力进行农业结构调整,加大对城镇与农村土地的管理力度,并加强全民土地安全意识。

As one of the most economically developed provinces in China and one of the nuclear regions of the Changjiang Economic Belt,Jiangsu Province has favorable natural condition and higher land productivity.However,with the high-speed development of the province's economy in the past ten or more years,the further pushing forward of urbanization and industrialization in particular,the problems related to cultivated land security,are being revealed.At present,Jiangsu Province is facing with several major problems in terms of the cultivated land security.Firstly,the more and more obvious contrast between population expansion and cul-tivated land shrinkage has been found.Secondly,the protection of cultivated land is facing with the increasingly strong conflict from non-agricultural activities such as urbanization,township and village infrastructure construction.Thirdly,soil fertility of the cultivated land has been dropped considerably,resulting in cultivated land degradation in quality.Fourthly,the cultivated land is suffering increasingly from pollution.These problems have led grain shortage in many cities or counties in the province.The major reasons causing the above-mentioned problems include:(1)the farmer's income is much lower than the output for the means of agricultural production,resulting in jeopardizing farmer's enthusiasm in cultivation activities;(2)the area of urban and township has been greatly expanded,resulting in an occupation of large cultivated land;and(3)there are some inappro-priate points in the present policies with a relation to land management.In order to realize the cultivated land security of Jiangsu Province,the following measures are suggested.Firstly,the current environment for agricultural activities has to be fully improved.Secondly,the relationship between urban,township and village constructions and the protection for cultivated land has to be further coordinated.Thirdly,the present land cultivation structures should be greatly adjusted.Fourthly,local government should further strengthen the land man-agement.Finally,the public awareness of land security for the entire people should be en-hanced.