网络有效性:评价旅游活动对环境影响的一个新指标

Network efficiency:A new indicator for environmental impact assessment of trails

旅游会给环境带来一定的负面影响,而旅游区的游径往往是这种影响的集中体现地。游径的构建方式、空间格局在很大程度上决定了旅游对环境的影响程度。但目前景观生态学中相关的廊道指标不能对此做出有效的评价。论文以九寨沟国家级自然保护区为案例研究地,克服现有廊道指标只单一考虑空间特性的局限,将廊道的空间格局与生态功能结合起来,采用运筹学的方法,提出网络有效性这个新的指标。在九寨沟案例研究地的应用表明,与传统景观生态学指标连通度和环通度相比,网络有效性指标能够直观地反映游径的利用状况,也能够较好地反映旅游的环境影响程度,从而为旅游管理提供依据。

Tourism will bring certain negative impacts on environment,which are usually con-cen trated around the places for sightseeings.The spatial pattern of the itinerary system can regu-late and restrict the behavior of the visitors,and can therefore decide to a great extent the de-gree of the touring environmental impact caused by visitors.The study showed that the existing indicators from landscape ecology cannot assess the impacts efficiently since those indicators in landscape ecology usually separate the trails' spatial structure and their ecological functions in-stead of integrating them.This paper takes the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve as a case study area,and pro poses a new indicator named Network Efficiency,which links the corridors' spatial pattern and their ecological functions.Compared with the traditional indicators Connectiv-ityγand Annularityα,the study shows that the Network Efficiency is more efficiently used for environmental impact assessment of the scenic spots.Besides used for environmental impact as-sessment,the Network Efficiency can also be used directly in the analysis of the itinerary capac-ity and practical use by visitors,and thus offer valuable information for tourism management .