大豆菌核病可持续控制技术

Sustainable Control Technique of Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

经田间自然抗病性鉴定,主推品种抗性差异极显著,北93-313和北92-28较抗病.在菌核病常发区,大豆垄上双行栽培模式的群体微生态不利于菌核病发生.实行豆-麦-麦的种植结构有益于控制菌核病.深翻将使菌核在耕层全层感染,92.73%的菌核分布于5～20 cm土层中.耙茬和深松@耙茬使93.85%和95.04%的菌核分布于0～10 cm土层中.菌核在3 cm土层下几乎不能萌发.近10 a试验表明,将豆-麦-麦的种植结构与耙-松@耙-翻的耕作模式有机结合,可将菌核病控制在5%左右,为菌核病的可持续控制奠定基础.

The resistance of mainly cultivated varieties were obviously different. The resistance of Bei 93-313 and Bei 92-28 to Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the strongest among 20 varieties.Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was not liable to occur under the micro-ecology environment of soybean ridge cultivation. Tilling style of soybean-wheat-wheat could be effective to control the disease.Ploughing could make sclerotiorum affected all over the plough layer.92.73% sclerotiums distributed in 5～20cm layer. 93.85% and 95.04% of sclerotiums were in 0～10?cm layer respectively after harrowing and loosening-harrowing. The sclerotiums could hardly sprout under 3.0?cm soil depth. The combination of soybean-wheat-wheat and harrowing-loosening and harrowing-ploughing could effectively control the disease,which can provide the basis for sustainable control of Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.