鲁滨孙《新史学》探析

A Probe into Robinson's "New History

《新史学》是美国历史学家鲁滨孙的代表作 ,虽为历年论文和演说的汇编 ,却集中反映了新史学观的逻辑思路。其中不乏闪光之处 :第一 ,敏于感受时代变化的挑战 ,持发展的史学观 ;第二 ,善于从其他学科中接受启迪 ,促进史学革新 ;第三 ,重视史学与现实的联系 ,强调发挥史学的社会功用。但也存在一些明显的缺陷 :第一 ,只承认量变 ,而否认质变 ,陷入庸俗进化论的泥潭 ;第二 ,否认史学的科学性。

New History'is the representative work of James Harvey Robinson,an American historiam.Though it is merely a collection of his essays and speeches,it reflects his logical thought of new historical science with shining insights.First,sensitive to the challenging changes of times,he holds a developmental notion of historical science;second,he is adept in getting enlightenment from other disciplines ;third,paying close attention to the link between historiography and reality,he emphasizes the social function of historical science.However,there exist some obvious flaws.First,he would rather abmit quantitative change than qualitative ahange,thus getting into vulgar evolutionism;second,he denies the scientific feature of historiography.