无铅汽油尾气颗粒物组分及其毒性研究

Study on Components in Automobile Exhaust Particulates of Unleaded Gasoline and its Toxicity

为研究无铅汽油的降铅效果,及其排出尾气颗粒物的有机提取物组分对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响,采用大流量采样仪采集无铅汽油尾气颗粒物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测了颗粒物的铅含量,并采用气相色谱和质谱方法分析了颗粒物有机提取物的组分。同时,用凝胶电泳方法比较无铅汽油颗粒物的有机提取物在加铝和不加铅的条件下,对小鼠巨噬细胞的凋亡影响。结果显示,无铅汽油尾气排出颗粒物上仍有微量的铅,约为0.11mg/g。颗粒物有机提取物中含有大量的有害物质,如多环芳烃、杂环化合物等。通过凝胶电泳法显示,无论是有铅还是无铅,颗粒物有机提取物都能引起小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的凋亡,在有铅的情况下,对巨噬细胞的凋亡影响更为明显。通过研究可以认为,无铅汽油对减轻汽车尾气的铅污染具有积极作用,但颗粒物上仍吸附大量的有害物质,对机体的免疫功能仍具有危害。

For evaluating effects of unleaded gasoline on declination of lead and examining the components in organic extracts of automobile exhuast particulates of unleaded gasoline and their cellular immunotoxicity, the gasoline exhaust particulates were collected with a high-volume air sampler. The organic substances and lead adsorbed onto the gasoline exhuast particulates were detected by GS/MS and furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Moreover, effects of their organic extracts with lead and without lead on apoptosis of macrophage were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that a little lead and a large quantity of organic substances were adsorbed onto exhaust particulates of unleaded-gasoline. The organic extracts could induce apoptosis of macrophage whether with lead or not, but more clearly with lead than without lead. The unleaded gasoline could decrease lead pollution. However, there are many harmful organic substances on the automobile exhaust particulates of unleaded-gasoline, which could induce apoptosis of macrophage and present celluar immunotoxicity.