中国灌溉管理与用水户参与灌溉管理

China's Irrigation Management and Participatory Management

我国灌溉管理在行政上由各级政府的水行政主管部门负责,大多数大中型灌区是实行专业管理机构与农民集体管理相结合。1978年以来,随着经济体制改革逐步深入,为了发展民主管理,激发农民参与管理,中国探索了灌溉管理体制改革并试验了四种管理模式,如用水者协会,承包责任制,租赁和股份合作制。详细介绍了参与管理的实践和经验。目前,试点工作已涉及到80多个灌区并建立了1000多个用水者协会。作者提出灌溉管理机制转换的指导思想是:结合中国国情,吸收借鉴国际先进经验,创造有中国特色的用水户参与灌溉管理。最后讨论了参与管理的有关问题及其发展前景。

Irrigation management in China is taken charge of by the government administrative agencies at different levels. Most of the large and medium-sized irrigation districts is jointly managed by the professional agencies and the farmer collectives. Since 1978, with the deepening of economic reform, China is explored into the irrigation management system reform and experimentations on management models in order to develop the democratic management and initiate farmer participatory management. Four models are under testing, such as Water User Association(WUA), management responsibility system, leasing system, and cooperative share holding system. In this paper, the practices and experiences of participatory irrigation management are presented in detail. At present, the pilot study covers more than 80 irrigation districts and over 1 000 farmer users associations have been established. Author pointed out that the guideline of irrigation management transfer is to establish a participatory irrigation management system with Chinese features based on the actual conditions of China and learn from international advanced experiences. Finally, some problems related to participatory management and its prospect are discussed.