中国城市儿童血铅水平调查

Blood lead level of children in the urban areas in China

目的 调查中国城市 3～ 5岁幼儿血铅水平 ,为制定防止环境铅污染 ,保护儿童健康政策提供科学依据。方法 在 9省 19个城市中双阶整群随机抽样采集 3～ 5岁幼儿静脉血 6 5 0 2份 ,微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定血铅。同时进行问卷调查。采用逐步回归分析方法进行分析。结果 中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为 88.3μg/L,男童血铅均值 (91.1μg/L)略高于女童(87.3μg/L)。 2 9.91%的儿童血铅水平 >10 0 μg/L。相关分析表明 :①血铅增高对儿童体格发育及其动作行为、语言能力的发展等 2 9个方面存在负面影响。②父母的行为对儿童血铅有影响。③不良生活习惯使儿童血铅升高。结论 中国儿童血铅较发达国家儿童血铅高 ,铅污染日益严重 ,儿童血铅呈上升趋势 ,政府和全社会应给予关注。

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood lead level of 3 5 year old children living in the cities in China and to provide scientific data for making policy on environmental lead pollution for children health protection. Methods Six thousand five handred and two vein blood samples from 3 5 year old children in nineteen cities of nine provinces were sampled. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) waire employed to determine lead level in whole blood after microwave digestion for sample preparation and questionnare survey was also performed. Data were analyzed with mutiple regression on factors which affecting blood lead levels. Results Results showed that mean blood lead level was 88.3 μg/L for 3 5 year old children living in the cities in China and mean blood lead level of boys ( 91.1 μg/L ) was higher than that of girls ( 87.3 μg/L). Twenty nine point nine one per cent of the children's blood lead level exceeded 100 μg/L . The research finding showed: (1) higher blood lead levels had negative effects on children's physical growth, language ability etc. (2) behavior of parents had certain effects on children's blood lead levels. (3) blood lead levels of children were affected by unhealthy habits. Conclusions Problem of childhood lead poisoning in China has become more serious. During the past ten years, blood lead levels of children has been increased in China while decreasing in developed countries. Blood lead levels of children in China are higher than that of developed countries,which called for special concern by goveronment and society. [