深静脉血栓形成的诊断和介入治疗

Diagnosis and Interventional Kadiology of DVT

深静脉血栓形成-肺动脉栓塞是目前临床上较为棘手的疾病之一,肺动脉栓塞的病死率较高。肺动脉栓塞主要由深静脉血栓形成引起。近年来受到国内医学界的广泛关注。深静脉血栓形成的主要原因是:局部血流缓慢、血液黏滞度增高和局部静脉管腔狭窄等。深静脉血栓形成的好发部位依次为:下肢、下腔静脉、上肢、锁骨下静脉、上腔静脉、肾静脉等。常用的影像检查技术包括:彩色超声、同位素扫描、多普勒血流仪和静脉造影等。深静脉血栓的治疗手段有:抗凝和溶栓治疗、介入溶栓术、负压抽吸术、高压喷射碎栓术、碎栓消融术、球囊扩张成形术、金属内支架植入术和下腔静脉滤器植入术等。介入治疗常见的并发症有:全身或穿刺局部出血,下腔静脉滤器移位、误置,滤器局部血栓形成等,常需及时处理。

Deep vein thrombosis - pulmonary embolization(DVT - PE) is one of the intractable diseases in the clinic.Death rate of PE is very high.PE is caused by DVT.Now, many doctors pay attention to the diseases more in whole medical fields. The main reasons of DVT episode is that the blood flow is slow in local,blood viscosity is high degree or the vein is stenosis.DVT may often occur in lower limbs,IVC,upper limbs, subclavian vein, SVC, renal vein and so on. It used to examined with color sonography, nuclear medicine, doppler rheograph and phlebography. DVT is treated with anticoagulate and thrombolysis, in-terventional thrombolysis, negative pressure suction, hyper pressure ejection craniotripsotome thrombectomy, craniotripsotome ablation thrombectomy with ATD, balloon dilatation plasty, metallic stent plasty and IVC filter implantation. The complications of interventional treatment are bleeding in puncture site or whole body, IVC filter was misplaced and displacement, thrombosis around the IVC filter and so on.It should be treated in time.