野生一粒麦与普通小麦不同绿色器官光合特性和叶绿体结构特征

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chloroplast Structure of Different Green Organs in Wild Wheat T.boeoticum and Cultived Wheat (cv. Pin7)

对野生一粒麦 (T.boeoticum)和普通小麦品种品七 (T.aestivum.cv.Pin7)开花期不同绿色器官光合速率 (Pn)、色素含量、 PSII活性及叶绿体超微结构进行了考察。结果表明 :野生一粒麦各器官 (旗叶叶片、叶鞘、穗下节间、穗 )的光合速率均明显高于栽培品种品七 ,这与各器官具有较高的叶绿素含量和较多的叶绿体基粒片层数目有密切关系。各器官 PSII活性在两种基因型间无明显差异。同一基因型不同器官的光合能力表现为叶片 >叶鞘 >穗下节间 >穗。叶绿素 a与 b的比值 (Chl a/ b)和类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值 (Car/ Chl)均是栽培种大于野生种、非叶器官大于旗叶叶片 ,暗示普通小麦栽培种比野生一粒麦。

The photosynthetic rates (P n), the contents of pigment, the activity of PSII were measured, and the chloroplast ultrastructure of different organs of T.boeoticum and T.aestivum. cv. Pin7 in anthesis stage were observed with electron microscope. The results showed that: All the photosynthetic organs (flag leaf blade, sheath, peduncle, ear) of wild wheat- T . boeoticum had higher photosynthetic rates than those of Pin7. It was closely related to their higher chlorophyll content and more chloroplast grana lamina numbers. There was no significant difference in PSII activities between the two genotypes. The leaf's photosynthetic activity was the highest among all organs of the same genotype, the next in turn was sheath, peduncle and ears. The ratios of chlorophyll a and b (Chl a/b) and the ratios of carotenoid and chlorophyll (Car/Chl) were higher in Pin7 than in T. boeoticum and in non leaf organs than in flag leaf blades. It suggested that the ability of adapting to strong light and stress was higher in Pin7 than in T.boeoticum and higher in non leaf organs than in leaf blades.