近代精神与孔斯坦的宪政自由主义

Modern Spirit and Constant's Constitutional Liberalism

孔斯坦是 19世纪初期法国自由主义思想家。在政治思想上 ,他把商业自由作为近代社会发展的必然趋势 ,反对拿破仑的军事独裁统治 ,同时他也反对雅格宾专政 ,认为无论军事独裁还是革命恐怖都是和近代精神相对立的 ,注定要失败的。孔斯坦首次区分了政治自由和个人自由 ,揭示了它们的各自局限性 ,主张将个人自由和政治自由结合起来。他分析了近代人民主权学说 ,提出了政治思想的关注点应从权力归属转到权力范围上来的观点。在政治体制上 ,他主张宪政主义 。

Benjamin Constant is French liberalist thinker in early ninteenth century.In political thought,Constant considers commercial liberalism as developmental tendency in modern society.Constant reveals the limit of both political liberty and individual liberty after he makes a distinction between them.Having analysed polular sovereignty,Constant put it that emphasis on political thought should be shifed from who should be control power to what is the scope of power.In polity,He is in favor of constitutionalism and take constitutional monarchy as ideal political system.