鸭稻共作生态农业模式的功能与效益分析

Study on the function and benefit of rice-duck agroecosystem

对鸭稻共作生态农业模式的结构、功能和效益进行了综合分析。结果表明,鸭子和水稻可以较好地全天候地同生共长在稻田生态系统中,平均每公顷大约３００－３７５只鸭子。利用鸭子的野性和杂食性在一定程度上可防除病、虫、草害,提高土壤肥力,因而可代替人耕耙田、施肥、施药等,避免了农药和化肥的大量投入;鸭群的活动可刺激和促进水稻的生长发育。利用这种模式可以生产出有机食品或绿色稻米,其经济效益比常规稻作高。鸭稻共作系统的每公顷净收入比常规稻作系统要高出８０８．５元。若按绿色食品价格高出同类商品市场价格的２０%计算,则鸭稻共作系统每公顷比常规稻作系统大约多增加２０００元左右的收入。这种模式的推广应用可产生良好的生态－经济－社会效益。

The structure, function and benefits of the rice-duck agroecosystem were studied. The results showed that rice and ducks co-grew well all day during most of rice growing seasons with a density of 300 - 375 ducks per hectare paddy field and benefit each other. Rice ecosystem provided foods and habitat for ducks, on the other hand, ducks canght and fed on insects and weeds in the field, and their waste was also a kind of good organic fertilizer for the rice. The activities of ducks could help to decrease or control the harms of pests, diseases and weeds and improve rice-growing environment such as soil fertility, soil quality and so on. As a result, this kind of farming system could produce green food rice. The economic income of the rice-duck farming system was 808.5 yuan·hm-2 higher than that of rice mono-farming system conducted by most farmers in China now. So the popularization and application of rice-duck ecosystem may have good ecological, economical and social effects.