黄土高原林草植被建设的地带性特征

THE ZONAL CHARACTER OF VEGETATION CONSTRUCTION ON LOESS PLATEAU

针对黄土高原现有人工林草植被存在的主要问题 ,依据天然植被地带性分布规律和实测资料 ,分析了以水分为主的生态条件及林草植被对水分利用的地带性特征 ,提出了黄土高原林草植被建设的群落学原理和关键技术。即 :依据植被地带分布规律指导人工林草植被建设 ;选择地带性植被优势种作为主要造林种草的植物种 ;模拟天然植被结构实行乔灌草复层混交是快速建造稳定植被的科学途径。根据一些“适地适树”树种并不能正常成林的现象 ,提出造林应强调“适地适林”的原则 ,同时给出适宜黄土高原不同植被地带林草植被建设的主要树草种和伴生种或四旁绿化树种。

The following study aimed at constructing vegetation, according to zonal distribution orderliness of vegetation and measured data by studying the zone character of ecological conditions and water utilization by vegetation. The key techniques and principles of plant sociology followed in vegetation construction on Loess Plateau, were a) to construct vegetation in different zone according to zonal distribution law of natural vegetation b) to select the dominant plants of zonal vegetation as main species for establishing woodland or grassland c) to simulate natural vegetation structure and d) to carry out compound layer mixed cropping of trees, shrubs and grasses so as to construct a stable vegetation. The principle that afforestation for a site should be carried out with suitable trees is effective in most of the cases but not all. Beside this, we propose to choose a suitable plant community other than trees for a site in terms of afforestation.