儿童流行性腮腺炎血清流行病学及疫苗免疫效果研究

Sero-epidemiological Study of Mumps in Children and the Field Trial of Mumps Vaccine

为了解儿童中流行性腮腺炎 (腮腺炎 )的免疫情况 ,观察腮腺炎减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性 ,选取 5 16名2～ 9岁儿童进行血清流行病学调查 ,采用血凝抑制 (HI)试验检测血清HI抗体。抗体阴性者进行接种疫苗 ,接种后 4 8h内观察人体副反应 ,并分别在免疫后 1个月、12个月、36个月采血测定HI抗体。 5 16名 2～ 9岁儿童中 ,腮腺炎HI抗体阳性者 171人 ,总阳性率为 33 1% ,2～ 3岁、4～ 6岁和 7～ 9岁 3组的抗体阳性率分别为 17 1%、2 8 2 %和 4 5 9%。 345名抗体阴性儿童接种了腮腺炎减毒活疫苗 ,1个月后抗体阳转率分别为 81 6 1%、76 5 5 %和 81 4 2 %(总阳转率为 79 4 2 % ) ,抗体几何平均滴度 (GMT)则分别达到 1∶13 4 2、1∶14 39和 1∶12 2 9(平均为 1∶13 4 0 ) ,无一例出现严重的副反应。免疫后 12个月、36个月抗体阳性率及抗体GMT均有所降低 。

To get information about mumps immune status in rural children,and determine the safety and immunogenicity of mumps vaccine,random sampling was used to select 516 children aged between 2 and 9 years old who neither had received live attenuated mumps vaccine nor had infected with mumps to participate in this study Standardized interviews were obtained from each child's reported physical status (by their parents) and documentary evidence of vaccination history Venous blood was collected,serum was separated and stored frozen until tested The children were divided into three groups,Group I:2?3 years old,Group Ⅱ:4?6 years old and Group Ⅲ:7?9 years old Children whose haemagglutination inhibition (HI)antibodies were checked to be negative(<1∶2) were given a dose of mumps vaccine,blood sample were taken l month,12 months and 36 months after immunization Within 48h of injection,side reactions including redness,rash,and fever were observed Body temperatures of the vaccinees were tested at every 48 hours till 24 days Mumps antibody was measured using haemagglutination inhibition test,HI titer ≥1∶2 was considered to be positive A total of 171 children(171/516,33 1%) had detectable HI antibody in sera The HI antibody positive rates of the three groups were 17 1%,28 2% and 45 9%,respectively (P<0 05) Of 345 vaccinees,the positive seroconversion rates were 81 61%,76 55% and 81 42%,with GMT of 1∶13 42,1∶14 39and 1∶12 29 of Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ after one month of vaccination respectively. The vaccine still remained a relatively high protective effect at 12 and 36 months after vaccination with GMT of 1:12 64 and 1∶11 53,respectively No severe side effect was observed in the vaccinees There existed recessive infection of mumps in rural children Mumps vaccine is safe and effective