高校女教师婚姻质量与社会心理因素研究

Research on the women teachers' married quality and its social psychological factors in universities or colleges

为探讨不同年龄知识女性婚姻质量及影响因素 ,为促进其生殖健康提供依据 ,采取整群随机抽取昆明4所高校 80 4名已婚女教师 ,做婚姻质量 (L SON)、康奈医学指数 (CMI)、抑郁 (CES- D)、焦虑 (SAS)和主观幸福感的调查。结果 :高校已婚女教师夫妻交流 (34.87± 5 .13)、婚姻过份理想化 (44 .0 9± 5 .87)、角色平等 (31.33±5 .5 6 )得分高于其他人群 (34.10± 6 .94 )、 (39.2 6± 6 .32 )、 (2 8.0 6± 5 .80 ) (P <0 .0 1) ,而婚姻满意度、性格相容性、解决冲突的方式、与亲友的关系与经济安排分量表的得分低于其他妇女。其婚姻满意度和性格相容因子分具有随年龄上升的特点。尽管≥ 5 0岁年龄组性生活质量 (35 .2 4± 5 .0 0 )及健康状况 (CMI≥ 30者为 5 9.1% )较差 ,但其余婚姻质量、主观幸福感和精神卫生水平均显著优于≤ 39岁中青年妇女。其中以 31～ 4 9岁年龄组的婚姻质量最差 ,并与其 SAS、CES- D、M- R高得分呈负相关。提示 :高校女教师婚姻质量与特定文化背景、生活期望、不同生理年龄所承受的应激及心理卫生水平、主观幸福感密切相关 ;

Objective:To explore the married quality and its influential factors of women teachers having different ages in universities or colleges, and provide the basis for the reproductive health.Methods:To adopt the stratified systematic sampling to investigate Olson, CMI, CES D, SAS and senses of subjective happiness about 804 married women teachers from four universities or colleges of Kunming. Results: The scores of couple communication(34.87±5.13), excessive idealization for marriage(44.09±5.87), role equality (31.33±5.56) of women teachers in universities or colleges are higher than that of other women( P <0.01), which are 34.10±6.94, 39.26±6.32 and 28.06±5.80, respectively, whereas satisfactory degree for marriage, temperament comparability, style of solving conflict, relations with relatives and friends, their score of share table with economic plan are lower than that of other women. Their satisfactory degree for marriage and temperament comparability have the characteristic going up in ages; the marriage quality, senses of subjective happiness and the level of psychological health of the women teachers for ages more than 50 have an advantage over that of other women for ages less than 39 besides the sex intercourse quality (35.24±5.00) and their health are worse. The worst married quality is women teachers for ages from 31 to 49, and relations with SAS, CES D, M R are negative relative. Conclusion:The married quality in universities or colleges and their specified culture background, life expectation, motivation endured at different ages and level of psychological health, senses of subjective happiness are closely relative. The middle aged intellectual women are key intervenient object for marriage and psychological health.