骨盆骨折合并创伤性膈疝的早期临床诊断

Early diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatocele associated with pelvic fracture

【摘要】目的探讨骨盆骨折合并创伤性膈疝的损伤特点及早期诊断。方法回顾分析486例以骨盆骨折为主的多发伤中9例合并膈疝的发病机制、临床表现,并分析漏诊原因。结果骨盆骨折合并膈疝的发生率为1.9%。因临床上对该病认识不足,9例中有7例漏诊,漏诊率为77.8%。结论(1)暴力致腹压骤升是形成膈疝的主要原因。(2)TileB1型骨盆骨折易合并创伤性膈疝。(3)因创伤严重或患者处于休克状态,膈疝症状易被掩盖。早期症状常不明显,骨科医师对此认识不足;早期的胸腹部损伤症状是膈疝漏诊的主要原因。(4)对合并难以解释的胸腹部症状的骨盆骨折要及时行胸腹部X线检查。(5)9例病例中有7例漏诊,应引起临床骨科医师的高度重视。

Objective To clarify the features and early diagnosis of the traumatic diaphragmatocele associated with pelvic fracture. Methods The clinical materials of 486 multiple injuried patients with pelvic fractures as main trauma were retrospectively analysed. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and reasons for misdiagnosis in 9 cases of traumatic diaphragmatocele were analysed. Results In this series, the incidence of the traumatic diaphragmatocele was 1.9%(9 of 486). Because of under recognition of this associated injury, 7 in 9 cases of traumatic diaphagmatocele were misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. The incidence of misdiagnosis was 77.8% in this series. Conclusion The main reason for the occurrence of diaphragmatocele was the rapid increase of the intra abdominal pressure which resulted in rupture of the weak area of the diaphragm. Type B1 pelvic fracture can cause traumatic diaphragmatocele easily. The symptoms of the diaphragm hernia are easily overlooked when the trauma is serious or the patient is in shock. Because the early symptoms are not often evident and typical, the doctor can not notice it thoroughly. The main reason for misdiagnosis of the diaphragm hernia is the poor clinical presentation and sign of the diaphragmtocele which initially is very similar to that of the thoraco abdominal injury. In the case with chest and abdominal symptoms concomitant with pelvic fracture should be observed carefully and the chest and abdominal radiographs should be taken as soon as possible. Closed attention should be paid to diaphragmatocele when treating a pelvic fracture in consideration of 7 out of 9 patients being misdiagnosed in this series.