公路边农作物铅污染水平与相关因素研究

Study on Lead Pollution and the Related Factors in Crops on the Highway-sides

[目的 ]研究公路边农作物铅污染水平及相关因素。 [方法 ]污染区以 319国道龙岩市新罗区路段两侧的农作物为研究对象 ,在不同条件下检测其含铅量 ,并与对照区样品比较分析。铅测定采用原子吸收光谱法。 [结果 ]污染区 2 8种农作物含铅量在 0 .0 7～ 5 .30 mg/ kg,是对照区的 1.6～ 40 .8倍 ,75 %的农作物含铅量超过国家限量标准。农作物含铅量与路边距离呈负相关 ,与根周土含铅量呈正相关。同种农作物的不同部位其含铅量不尽相同。叶面对铅尘具有一定的吸附作用。2 8种农作物对铅的浓缩比有很大差异 ,平均浓缩比范围为 0 .0 0 0 7～ 0 .0 395。[结论 ]公路两侧 35 0 m范围内的农作物均受到不同程度的铅污染 ,污染程度取决于路边距离、根周土含铅量、农作物本身对铅的浓缩比以及叶面对铅尘的吸附率。污染区选种低浓缩比农作物 ,取食农作物前充分洗涤叶面和去皮处理 ,对减少铅的摄入量。

To study lead pollution and the related factors in crops on the highway-sides. The levels of lead pollution in crops under different conditions on the sides of 319 National Highway were detected and compared with the control area in XinLuo, Longyan.The atomic absorption spectrometry method was used for testing the pollution. The levels of lead pollution for 28 kinds of crops in polluted area were 0.07-5.30 mg/kg, 1.6-40.8 times higher than the control area.The lead levels in 75% crops exceeded national sanitary standard level.The lead levels in crops were negatively related with the distances from highway and positively related with those in the soil around crop roots.The lead levels in different parts of crop were different.The concentrating rates of lead among 28 kinds of crops were different. The ranges of average rate were 0.0007-0.0395.[Conclusion] The crops on the highway-sides within 350 m were polluted at different levels.The pollution levels are related to the distances from highway, lead levels in soil and the concentrating rates and so on.Low-concentrating crops should be chosen for farmers in the polluted area and the leaves of crops should be washed and skins stripped before consumption.