非水溶液盐效应的气液色谱研究——非电解质(烃、芳烃、氯代烃、酮)+盐(NaI、NaSCN、KSCN)+碳酸丙烯酯体系

STUDY ON THE SALT EFFECT IN NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY——FOR NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTE (HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHLORO-HYDROCARBONS, KETONES) IN SALT (NaI, NaSCN, KSCN) AND PROPYLENE CARBONATE SOLUTIONS

<正> 由于碳酸丙烯酯(PC)具有较宽的液相区间(mp:224.0K,bp:514.9K)、较高的介电常数(64.92,298.15K)和较大的偶极矩(4.94D),它是一个在工业和科学研究中有广泛应用的非质子型极性溶剂。已有大量文献就PC溶液中电解质-PC、非电解质-PC和离子-离子间的相互作用情况作了报导。对于非电解质-电解质-PC三元系中溶质-溶剂间的相互作用情况还缺乏了解。本文希望通过测定非电解质溶质在PC的电解质溶液中的无限稀释活度系数γ_1~∞,对非水溶液中的溶质-溶剂作用情况有新的了解。气液色谱法(CLC)是测定无限稀释溶液活度系数的有效方法之一。作者曾利用GLC测定了一些烃、氯代烃、醇、酮在环丁砜电解质溶液中的无限稀释活度系数和盐效应常数.

The gas-liquid chromatographic method was used to measure the activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ_1~∞)of some nonelectrolyte solutes in salt containing solutions of propylene carbonate at 333.2K. For examining the relationship between lgγ_1~∞ and salt concentrations, the salt effect coefficients of solutes were calculated, and the interactions of solute with salt were disscused. Furthermore, the equilibrium constant of complex interaction between chloroform with anions has been obtained.