水利工程对向海湿地水文与生态的影响

IMPACTS OF RESERVOIR PROJECT ON HYDROLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF XIANGHAI WETLANDS

文章提出白云花水利工程的修建对地处霍林河下游半干旱区域的国家级湿地自然保护区向海带来的负面效应。工程上马后 ,如处理不好 ,水资源的拦截会减少对下游的补水量 ,使沿河湿地得不到充足的地表水补充 ,水位下降 ,乃至干涸 ,进而会影响到该区域内地下水的补给 ;对半干旱地区的水边植物群落影响较大 ,湿生植被会逐渐演变为旱生植被 ,洪水泛滥次数减少也使珍稀水禽孵化的次数和规模降低 ,导致数量减少 ;该区域高生物产量的洪泛湿地会逐渐萎缩、破碎 ,直至大面积丧失 ,本已脆弱的生态平衡会遭到严重破坏。针对可能产生的负面效应提出了相应的预防措施。提出对水库库容设计进行相应调整的同时 ,通过调水、储水及合理用水的途径来解决向海湿地水资源问题。

Main concern of this paper is devoted to possible negative impacts of Baiyuhau reservoir project on Xianghai wetlands, state natural reserve located in downstream of Huolin river. The negative impacts estimated include at least following three respects. First effect is on groundwater replenishment: due to the holding up of water resources in upstream region, surface water supplement of wetlands along the river will be affected, which will further trigger shortage of groundwater replenishment in the downstream region. Second is on the waterside plant and birds community, that is, the hygrophyte will evolve into xerophyte and incubation times and scale of rare waterfowls will decrease, due to the reduction frequency of flood, and thus will cause their number to decrease. As to the third effect, it is on ecological environment within this region. Without enough water supply, area of flood wetlands with high productivity will gradually decrease, which will worsen the vulnerable ecological environment. Aimed at these possible negative impacts, it is suggested that the problems of water resources in Xianghai wetlands should be solved, by water transfer and store up, as well as by correct water utilization.