中国天然牧地与人工牧地的生产能力及其开发

PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF NATURAL RANGELAND AND ARTIFICIAL RANGELAND IN CHINA AND ITS DEVELOPMENT

采用以能量和营养为核心的评价体系 ,对我国天然牧地与人工牧地的第一性和第二性生产能力进行了研究。结果表明 ,我国人工牧地的生产力明显高于天然牧地 ,但目前的生产量却显著低于天然牧地。从不同自然区域比较看 ,无论天然牧地还是人工牧地 ,生产力均为南方区 >北方区 >青藏区 ;生产量均为北方区 >南方区 >青藏区。目前在开发利用中存在的重点问题是天然牧地利用强度远大于其生产能力 ,总体超载严重 ;人工牧地和复合兼用牧地面积过小 ,提供的饲草总量太低。据此提出了提高我国牧地生产能力的主要对策如下 : ①把牧地有偿承包责任制度真正落到实处 ; ②以可持续发展理论为指导 ,进行牧地资源的开发利用 ; ③多途径开发饲用植物生产能力 。

Although the potential productivity of artificial rangeland is much higher than that of natural rangeland in China, the yield amount of the former is distinctly lower than that of the latter at present. Comparison between different regions indicates that productivity of rangeland in China, of both natural rangeland and artificial rangeland, is the south region, the north region, Qinghai-Tibetan region, decreasing successively. While in terms of yield amount, it is the north region, the south region, degressively. Moreover, the key problems of rangeland development are explored and countermeasures to increase productive capacity are put forward.