健康小儿足印的研究

Footprint research in healthy children

目的 研究健康小儿足的生长发育情况。方法 采用德国Schein矫形测量仪测量中国健康小儿足印共 5 2 4例 (男 2 78例 ,女 2 4 6例 )。年龄从新生儿至 12岁。测量足印长度 ;评价足内、外纵弓 ;计算足外侧纵弓 ,低弓和高弓足发生率。以 1岁年龄间隔分组 ,计算出每一组足印长度 ,内、外侧纵弓指数 ,外侧纵弓发生率 ,低弓和高弓足发生率的平均值。绘制出足印长度 ;足内 ,外侧纵弓指数曲线图 ;足外侧纵弓 ,低弓和高弓发生率柱状图。结果 足生长速率新生儿至 2岁最快 ,此后几乎维持恒定生长率 ;内侧纵弓指数新生儿至 2岁时高 ,3～ 7岁快速发育期 ,8～ 12岁变化不大 ;外侧纵弓指数高 ,基本维持 80 %。外侧纵弓发生率新生儿至 1岁为 0 ,2～ 6岁逐年渐增 ,7～ 12岁发生率维持5 0 %～ 6 0 %间。低弓足在新生儿至 2岁最为常见 ,以后逐年减少 ,8～ 9岁为 0。高弓足仅在 12岁出现 ,其为 18%。结论 健康小儿足生长发育新生儿至 2岁为最快时期 ,足内、外侧纵弓 3～ 7岁为发育形成时期 ,8～ 12岁相对恒定。与Volpon等人普查结果相比 ,中国儿童低弓足发生率明显高于白种儿童 ,而高弓足形成偏晚 ,比率低。

Objective To study the growth and development of foot in healthy children.Methods Footprint of 524 healthy children (278 boys, 246 girls) were measured with German Schein orthopedics equipment. The length, medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) of the footprint were recorded. The incidence of lateral longitudinal arch, low arched foot and high arched foot were calculated. The subjects were grouped according to their age. The mean of footprint length, MLA index and LLA index were calculated. The curve of MLA index, LLA index and the foot length were plotted. The histogram of the frequency of LLA, low arched foot and high arched foot were plotted.Results The findings showed that the feet grew most rapidly between newborn period to 2 years of age. From age two onward, the feet maintained an almost constant growth rate, which was the same for both sexes until 12 years age. From newborn up to 2 year, there was a high index of MLA. Rapid progression of MLA development was observed on between 3～7 years of age. There was a little change of MLA index between 8～12years of age. But LLA index was high, which stayed at 80%. The frequency of LLA was 0 under 1 year of age. It increased between 2～6 years of age. Its rate maintained at 50%～60% between 7～12 years of age. A low arched foot was more common between newborn to 2 years of age. It then decreased with age. Between 8～9 years of age, its incidence dropped to 0. Conversely, high arched foot occurs after 12 years of age in Chinese children, the frequency of which was only 18%.Conclusions The findings show that the feet grew and developed most rapidly up newborn to 2 years of age. Rapid progression of MLA and LLA development are observed on between 3 and 7 years of age. There is relative constant of MLA and LLA between 8 and 12 years of age. Compared with Jose's reports, low arched foot is more common in Chinese children than the Caucasians. High arched foot starts at a later age and its incidence is lower.