构建中国铁路政府监管框架体系的研究

Studv on Establishinq Framework of Government Regulation in Railway Industry

现代竞争与监管理论的发展,推动了在20世纪80年代以来世界范围的铁路打破垄断、引入竞争和放松监管的改革。鉴于铁路在国民经济和社会发展中的重要作用及其固有的自然垄断性,各国政府依然十分重视对铁路的监管,以促进公平竞争和实现社会福利最大化。中国铁路实施政企分开、打破垄断和引入竞争机制的改革过程中,近期在铁道部内构建独主于铁路企业。并与政府宏观政策部门相对独立的监管机构,对铁路企业在垄断、竞争、安全、技术标准与规范等方面实施监管,是比较现实和可行的选择。

The development of contemporary theory on competition and regulation has promoted the world wide railway reform starting in 1980s, i.e., breaking monopoly, introducing competition, and deregulation. In considering the important role of railway in national economy and social development and itsnatural feature of monopoly, countries all over the world have paid great attention to the railway regulation aiming at fair competition and maximum social benefit. In the Chinese railway reform process of separating government function from enterprise function, breaking monopoly and introducing competition mechanism, to establish a regulation agency in MOR is a practical and feasible choice in the short term. This agency is independent with railway enterprises and the macro policy department in government, it will implement supervision on railway enterprises in the aspects of monopoly, competition, safety, technology standard, regulation and etc.