世界天然气行业中的政府行为及启示

GOVERNMENT ACTIONS IN WORLD NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY AND THEIR ENLIGHT ENMENTS

天然气工业某些领域具有自然垄断特征 ,必须要使行业中的市场机制和政府行为相互协调 ,才能维护社会公平和社会效率。前苏联采取完全的政府控制 ,一定程度上阻碍了天然气的发展 ;英美等国通过协调政府行为和市场机制 ,促进了天然气工业的发展。我国天然气发展面临的最大困难是市场的培育 ,市场和政府行为的关系没有理顺。文章通过对世界各国采取政府行为的历史、现状和原则的分析 ,结合我国天然气工业发展现状 ,指出了适合我国天然气工业发展的政府管理原则 ,即建立透明监管体制 ,协调政府和市场关系 ,促进天然气市场发育。

Some departments in natural gas industry are of the characteristics of inevitable monopolization. Only well hormonizing the interrelationship between the market mechanism and the governmental actions, can the social equity and efficiency be maintained. The government actions were fully adopted in the former USSR, thus hindering the development of natural gas industry to a certain extent; however it has been promoted in the USA and the British, etc., through harmonizing the governmental actions with market mechanism. The largest difficulty of developing the natural gas industry in China is to bring up markets and harmonize the relation between the markets and the governmental actions. In the paper, through analyzing the histroies, current situations and principles of the governmental actions adopted by all the countries in the world and in combination with the status quo of developing the natural gas industry in China, it is pointed out that the governmental management principles suitable for such a development should set up an overt supervision system, harmonize the relation between the governments and the markets and promote the growth of natural gas markets.